30-9-103. Perfection of security interests in multiple state transactions. (1) (a) Subsection (1) applies to documents and instruments and to goods other than those covered by a certificate of title described in subsection (2), mobile goods described in subsection (3), and minerals described in subsection (5).
     (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (1), perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of a security interest in collateral are governed by the law of the jurisdiction where the collateral is when the last event occurs on which is based the assertion that the security interest is perfected or unperfected.
     (c) If the parties to a transaction creating a purchase money security interest in goods in one jurisdiction understand at the time that the security interest attaches that the goods will be kept in another jurisdiction, then the law of the other jurisdiction governs the perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of the security interest from the time it attaches until 30 days after the debtor receives possession of the goods and thereafter if the goods are taken to the other jurisdiction before the end of the 30-day period.
     (d) When collateral is brought into and kept in this state while subject to a security interest perfected under the law of the jurisdiction from which the collateral was removed, the security interest remains perfected, but if action is required by part 3 of this chapter to perfect the security interest:
     (i) if the action is not taken before the expiration of the period of perfection in the other jurisdiction or the end of 4 months after the collateral is brought into this state, whichever period first expires, the security interest becomes unperfected at the end of that period and is thereafter considered to have been unperfected as against a person who became a purchaser after removal;
     (ii) if the action is taken before the expiration of the period specified in (1)(d)(i), the security interest continues perfected thereafter;
     (iii) for the purpose of priority over a buyer of consumer goods (30-9-307(2)), the period of the effectiveness of a filing in the jurisdiction from which the collateral is removed is governed by the rules with respect to perfection in (1)(d)(i) and (ii).
     (2) (a) Subsection (2) applies to goods covered by a certificate of title issued under a statute of this state or of another jurisdiction under the law of which indication of a security interest on the certificate is required as a condition of perfection.
     (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of the security interest are governed by the law (including the conflict of laws rules) of the jurisdiction issuing the certificate until 4 months after the goods are removed from that jurisdiction and thereafter until the goods are registered in another jurisdiction, but in any event not beyond surrender of the certificate. After the expiration of that period, the goods are not covered by the certificate of title within the meaning of this section.
     (c) Except with respect to the rights of a buyer described in (2)(d), a security interest, perfected in another jurisdiction otherwise than by notation on a certificate of title, in goods brought into this state and thereafter covered by a certificate of title issued by this state is subject to the rules stated in (1)(d).
     (d) If goods are brought into this state while a security interest therein is perfected in any manner under the law of the jurisdiction from which the goods are removed and a certificate of title is issued by this state and the certificate does not show that the goods are subject to the security interest or that they may be subject to security interests not shown on the certificate, the security interest is subordinate to the rights of a buyer of the goods who is not in the business of selling goods of that kind to the extent that the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the goods after issuance of the certificate and without knowledge of the security interest.
     (3) (a) Subsection (3) applies to accounts (other than an account described in subsection (5) on minerals) and general intangibles (other than uncertificated securities) and to goods which are mobile and which are of a type normally used in more than one jurisdiction, such as motor vehicles, trailers, rolling stock, airplanes, shipping containers, road building and construction machinery, and commercial harvesting machinery, and the like, if the goods are equipment or are inventory leased or held for lease by the debtor to others and are not covered by a certificate of title described in subsection (2).
     (b) The law (including the conflict of laws rules) of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located governs the perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of the security interest.
     (c) If, however, the debtor is located in a jurisdiction which is not a part of the United States and which does not provide for perfection of the security interest by filing or recording in that jurisdiction, the law of the jurisdiction in the United States in which the debtor has its major executive office in the United States governs the perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of the security interest through filing. In the alternative, if the debtor is located in a jurisdiction which is not a part of the United States or Canada and the collateral is accounts or general intangibles for money due or to become due, the security interest may be perfected by notification to the account debtor. As used in subsection (3)(c), "United States" includes its territories and possessions and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
     (d) A debtor shall be considered located at the debtor's place of business if the debtor has one, at the chief executive office if the debtor has more than one place of business, otherwise at the debtor's residence. If, however, the debtor is a foreign air carrier under the Federal Aviation Act, it shall be considered located at the designated office of the agent upon whom service of process may be made on behalf of the foreign air carrier.
     (e) A security interest perfected under the law of the jurisdiction of the location of the debtor is perfected until the expiration of 4 months after a change of the debtor's location to another jurisdiction or until perfection would have ceased by the law of the first jurisdiction, whichever period first expires. Unless perfected in the new jurisdiction before the end of that period, it becomes unperfected thereafter and is considered to have been unperfected as against a person who became a purchaser after the change.
     (4) The rules stated for goods in subsection (1) apply to a possessory security interest in chattel paper. The rules stated for accounts in subsection (3) apply to a nonpossessory security interest in chattel paper, but the security interest may not be perfected by notification to the account debtor.
     (5) Perfection and the effect of perfection or nonperfection of a security interest which is created by a debtor who has an interest in minerals or the like (including oil and gas) before extraction and which attaches thereto as extracted or which attaches to an account resulting from the sale thereof at the wellhead or minehead are governed by the law (including the conflict of laws rules) of the jurisdiction wherein the wellhead or minehead is located.
     (6) (a) This subsection (6) applies to investment property.
     (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(f), during the time that a security certificate is located in a jurisdiction, perfection of a security interest, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in the certificated security are governed by the local law of that jurisdiction.
     (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(f), perfection of a security interest, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in an uncertificated security are governed by the local law of the issuer's jurisdiction as specified in 30-8-120(4).
     (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(f), perfection of a security interest, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a security entitlement or securities account are governed by the local law of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction as specified in 30-8-120(5).
     (e) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(f), perfection of a security interest, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account are governed by the local law of the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction. The following rules determine a "commodity intermediary's jurisdiction" for purposes of this subsection (6)(e):
     (i) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer specifies that it is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction.
     (ii) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer does not specify the governing law as provided in subsection (6)(e)(i), but expressly specifies that the commodity account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction.
     (iii) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer does not specify a jurisdiction as provided in subsections (6)(e)(i) or (6)(e)(ii), the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which is located the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the commodity customer's account.
     (iv) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer does not specify a jurisdiction as provided in subsections (6)(e)(i) or (6)(e)(ii) and an account statement does not identify an office serving the commodity customer's account as provided in subsection (6)(e)(iii), the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which is located the chief executive office of the commodity intermediary.
     (f) Perfection of a security interest by filing, automatic perfection of a security interest in investment property granted by a broker or securities intermediary, and automatic perfection of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account granted by a commodity intermediary are governed by the local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located.

     History: En. Sec. 9-103, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-9-103; amd. Sec. 55, Ch. 402, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 72, Ch. 536, L. 1997.