2-1-402. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) In enacting this part, the legislature employs its legislative authority to establish that the people of the state of Montana, acting through their elected officials in state government, have the responsibility and authority to establish policy in and for Montana pertaining to federal programs mandated in federal statutes.
     (b) The intent of the legislature is to ensure the primacy of the state of Montana's legal and political authority to implement in and for Montana the policy mandated by federal statutes and to vigorously challenge and scrutinize the extent and scope of authority asserted by federal executive branch agencies when federal agency actions and interpretations are inconsistent with Montana policy and exceed the lawful authority of the federal government or are not required by federal law.
     (c) In this regard, the Montana legislature finds and declares that:
     (i) the power to implement federal policies in and for Montana is central to the ability of the people of Montana to govern themselves under a federal system of government; and
     (ii) any implementation of federal policies in and for Montana by federal executive branch agencies that is contrary to fundamental notions of federalism and self-determination must be identified and countered.
     (2) The legislature further finds and declares that:
     (a) there is an urgent need to modify federal mandates because the implementation of these mandates by the state wastes the financial resources of local governments, the citizens of Montana, and the state and does not properly respect the rights of local governments, citizens, and the state;
     (b) the state government has an obligation to the public to do what is necessary to protect the rights of Montana citizens under federal law while minimizing or eliminating any additional cost or regulatory burden on any citizen of the state;
     (c) the 10th amendment to the United States constitution directs that powers that are not delegated to the United States are reserved to the states or to the people. Montana, as one of the sovereign states within the union, has constitutional authority to enact laws protecting the environment of the state and safeguarding the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Montana. However, this authority has too often been ignored by the federal government. The federal government has intruded more and more into areas that must be left to the states. It is essential that the dilution of the authority of state and local governments be halted and that the provisions of the 10th amendment be accorded proper respect.
     (d) current federal regulatory mandates, as reflected in federal administrative regulations, guidelines, and policies, often do not reflect the realities of the Rocky Mountain region, and federal regulators frequently do not understand the needs and priorities of the citizens of Montana;
     (e) the citizens of this state can create and wish to create innovative solutions to Montana's problems, but the current manner in which legal challenges to state policies and federal programmatic substitutions of state programs are handled does not allow the state the flexibility it needs. It is not possible for the state of Montana to effectively and efficiently implement the provisions of federal statutes unless the burden to prove the insufficiency of the state's efforts to implement federal requirements is shifted to the person or agency who asserts the insufficiency.
     (f) the provisions of this part will better balance the exercise of the powers of the federal government and the powers reserved to the states. In addition, the application of this part ultimately will bring about greater protection for the state and the nation because it will direct the state to implement federal statutes at the least possible cost and will make more money available for other needs.
     (g) the purpose of this part is to ensure that federal mandates existing on or adopted after April 12, 1995, that are implemented in Montana comply with state policy as established by the legislature;
     (h) nothing in this part may be construed to create a private cause of action.

     History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 385, L. 1995.