Rule 12(b). How presented. Every defense, in law or fact, to a claim for relief in any pleading, whether a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, shall be asserted in the responsive pleading thereto if one is required, except that the following defenses may at the option of the pleader be made by motion: (1) lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter, (2) lack of jurisdiction over the person, (4) insufficiency of process, (5) insufficiency of service of process, (6) failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, (7) failure to join a party under Rule 19. A motion making any of these defenses shall be made before pleading if a further pleading is permitted. No defense or objection is waived by being joined with one or more other defenses or objections in a responsive pleading or motion. If a pleading sets forth a claim for relief to which the adverse party is not required to serve a responsive pleading, the adverse party may assert at the trial any defense in law or fact to the claim for relief. If, on a motion asserting the defense numbered (6) to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the pleading are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56, and all parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to present all material made pertinent to such motion by Rule 56.
     (i) The cases in which place of trial may be changed are specified in section 25-2-201, Montana Code Annotated.
     (ii) If the county designated in the complaint is not the proper county for trial of the action, the defendant must at the time of defendant's first appearance request by motion that the trial be had in the proper county. Every defense in law or fact, to a claim for relief in any pleading which defendant desires to present by way of motion as hereinabove provided must be joined with, or inserted in, the motion requesting a change in the place of trial. If the court in which the action is commenced grants the request for change of venue, that court shall not consider nor pass upon other defenses in law, or fact, presented by the motion, but such shall be considered and decided by the court sitting in the proper county after the transfer has been completed. No request for change of venue is waived by being joined in a motion with other defenses or objections in law or fact.
     (iii) Any request for change in place of trial for grounds 2 and 3 of section 25-2-201, Montana Code Annotated, must be presented by motion within 20 days after the answer to the complaint, or to the cross-claim where a cross-claim is filed, or the reply to any answer, in those cases in which a reply is authorized, has been filed; except that whenever at some time more than 20 days after the last pleading has been filed an event occurs which thereafter affords good cause to believe that an impartial trial cannot be had under ground 2 of said section 25-2-201, and competent proof is submitted to the court that such cause of impartiality did not exist within the 20-day period after the last pleading was filed, then the court may entertain a motion to change the place of trial under ground 2 of section 25-2-201 within 20 days after that later event occurs.

     History: En. Sec. 12, Ch. 13, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 89, L. 1963; amd. Sup. Ct. Ord. 10750, Apr. 1, 1965, eff. July 1, 1965; amd. Sup. Ct. Ord. 10750-7, Sept. 29, 1967, eff. Jan. 1, 1968; amd. Sup. Ct. Ord. Oct. 9, 1984, eff. Oct. 9, 1984; amd. Sup. Ct. Ord. May 1, 1990, eff. May 1, 1990.