15-6-135. Class five property -- description -- taxable percentage -- exemption. (1) Class five property includes:

(a) all property used and owned by cooperative rural electrical and cooperative rural telephone associations organized under the laws of Montana, except property owned by cooperative organizations described in 15-6-137(1)(a);

(b) air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment as defined in this section;

(c) any personal or real property used primarily in the production of ethanol-blended gasoline during construction and for the first 3 years of its operation;

(d) all land and improvements and all personal property owned by a research and development firm, provided that the property is actively devoted to research and development;

(e) machinery and equipment used in electrolytic reduction facilities; and

(f) all property used and owned by persons, firms, corporations, or other organizations that are engaged in the business of furnishing telecommunications services exclusively to rural areas or to rural areas and cities and towns of 1,200 permanent residents or less.

(2) (a) "Air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment" means that portion of identifiable property, facilities, machinery, devices, or equipment certified as provided in subsections (2)(b) and (2)(c) and designed, constructed, under construction, or operated for removing, disposing, abating, treating, eliminating, destroying, neutralizing, stabilizing, rendering inert, storing, or preventing the creation of air or water pollutants that, except for the use of the item, would be released to the environment. This includes machinery, devices, or equipment used to capture carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. Reduction in pollutants obtained through operational techniques without specific facilities, machinery, devices, or equipment is not eligible for certification under this section.

(b) Requests for certification must be made on forms available from the department of revenue. Certification may not be granted unless the applicant is in substantial compliance with all applicable rules, laws, orders, or permit conditions. Certification remains in effect only as long as substantial compliance continues.

(c) The department of environmental quality shall promulgate rules specifying procedures, including timeframes for certification application, and definitions necessary to identify air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment for certification and compliance. The department of revenue shall promulgate rules pertaining to the valuation of qualifying air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment. The department of environmental quality shall identify and track compliance in the use of certified air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment and report continuous acts or patterns of noncompliance at a facility to the department of revenue. Casual or isolated incidents of noncompliance at a facility do not affect certification.

(d) To qualify for the exemption under subsection (3)(b)(i), the air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment must be placed into service after January 1, 2014, for the purposes of environmental benefit or to comply with state or federal pollution control regulations. If the air or water pollution control and carbon capture equipment enhances the performance of existing air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment, only the market value of the enhancement is subject to the exemption under subsection (3)(b)(i).

(e) Except as provided in subsection (2)(d), equipment that does not qualify for the exemption under subsection (3)(b)(i) includes but is not limited to equipment placed into service to maintain, replace, or repair equipment installed on or before January 1, 2014.

(f) A person may appeal the certification, classification, and valuation of the property to the Montana tax appeal board. Appeals on the property certification must name the department of environmental quality as the respondent, and appeals on the classification or valuation of the equipment must name the department of revenue as the respondent.

(3) (a) Except as provided in subsection (3)(b), class five property is taxed at 3% of its market value.

(b) (i) Air and water pollution control and carbon capture equipment placed in service after January 1, 2014, and that satisfies the criteria in subsection (2)(d) is exempt from taxation.

(ii) (A) Except as provided in subsection (3)(b)(ii)(B), fiber optic or coaxial cable, as defined in 15-6-156, installed and placed in service on or after July 1, 2021, is exempt from taxation for a period of 5 years starting from the date the fiber optic or coaxial cable was placed in service, after which the property exemption is phased out at a rate of 20% a year, with the property being assessed at 100% of its taxable value after a 10-year period. In order to maintain the exemption, the owner of fiber optic or coaxial cable shall reinvest the tax savings from the exemption by installing and placing in service new fiber optic or coaxial cable in Montana within 2 years from the date the owner first claimed the exemption provided for in this subsection (3)(b)(ii) without charging those costs to the consumer. The cost of installing or placing into service fiber optic or coaxial cable with the reinvested tax savings without charging those costs to the consumer must be equal to or greater than the value of the tax savings received from the tax incentive.

(B) Fiber optic or coaxial cable installed using federal funds received pursuant to section 9901 of the American Rescue Plan Act is not eligible for exemption from taxation under this section.

(C) An entity that claims a tax exemption under this subsection (3)(b)(ii) shall maintain adequate books and records demonstrating the investment the owner made when installing and placing in service fiber optic or coaxial cable in Montana. The property owners shall make those records available to the department for inspection upon request.

(4) (a) The property taxes exempted from taxation by subsection (3)(b)(ii) are subject to termination or recapture if the department determines that the owner failed to install and place in service new coaxial or fiber cable in Montana as provided in subsection (3)(b)(ii) or otherwise violates the provisions of this section.

(b) Upon notice from the department that the owner's exemption has terminated, any local governing body may recapture taxes previously exempted in that jurisdiction, plus interest and penalties for nonpayment of property taxes as provided in 15-16-102, during any tax year in which an exemption under the provisions of subsection (3)(b)(ii) was improper. Any recapture must occur within 10 years after the end of the calendar year in which the exemption was first claimed.

(c) The recapture of abated taxes may be canceled, in whole or in part, if the local governing body determines that the taxpayer's failure to meet the requirements is a result of circumstances beyond the control of the taxpayer.