85-2-402. (Temporary) Changes in appropriation rights. (1) The right to make a change subject to the provisions of this section in an existing water right, a permit, or a state water reservation is recognized and confirmed. In a change proceeding under this section, there is no presumption that an applicant for a change in appropriation right cannot establish lack of adverse effect prior to the adjudication of other rights in the source of supply pursuant to this chapter. An appropriator may not make a change in an appropriation right except, as permitted under this section, by applying for and receiving the approval of the department or, if applicable, of the legislature. An applicant shall submit a correct and complete application.
     (2) Except as provided in subsections (4) through (6), the department shall approve a change in appropriation right if the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that the following criteria are met:
     (a) The proposed change in appropriation right will not adversely affect the use of the existing water rights of other persons or other perfected or planned uses or developments for which a permit or certificate has been issued or for which a state water reservation has been issued under part 3.
     (b) Except for a lease authorization pursuant to 85-2-436, a temporary change authorization for instream use to benefit the fishery resource pursuant to 85-2-408, or water use pursuant to 85-2-439 when authorization does not require appropriation works, the proposed means of diversion, construction, and operation of the appropriation works are adequate.
     (c) The proposed use of water is a beneficial use.
     (d) Except for a lease authorization pursuant to 85-2-436 or a temporary change authorization pursuant to 85-2-408 or 85-2-439 for instream flow to benefit the fishery resource, the applicant has a possessory interest, or the written consent of the person with the possessory interest, in the property where the water is to be put to beneficial use.
     (e) If the change in appropriation right involves salvaged water, the proposed water-saving methods will salvage at least the amount of water asserted by the applicant.
     (f) The water quality of an appropriator will not be adversely affected.
     (g) The ability of a discharge permitholder to satisfy effluent limitations of a permit issued in accordance with Title 75, chapter 5, part 4, will not be adversely affected.
     (3) The applicant is required to prove that the criteria in subsections (2)(f) and (2)(g) have been met only if a valid objection is filed. A valid objection must contain substantial credible information establishing to the satisfaction of the department that the criteria in subsection (2)(f) or (2)(g), as applicable, may not be met.
     (4) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use of an appropriation of 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water unless the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that:
     (a) the criteria in subsection (2) are met; and
     (b) the proposed change is a reasonable use. A finding of reasonable use must be based on a consideration of:
     (i) the existing demands on the state water supply, as well as projected demands for water for future beneficial purposes, including municipal water supplies, irrigation systems, and minimum streamflows for the protection of existing water rights and aquatic life;
     (ii) the benefits to the applicant and the state;
     (iii) the effects on the quantity and quality of water for existing uses in the source of supply;
     (iv) the availability and feasibility of using low-quality water for the purpose for which application has been made;
     (v) the effects on private property rights by any creation of or contribution to saline seep; and
     (vi) the probable significant adverse environmental impacts of the proposed use of water as determined by the department pursuant to Title 75, chapter 1, or Title 75, chapter 20.
     (5) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use for a diversion that results in 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water being consumed unless:
     (a) the applicant proves by clear and convincing evidence and the department finds that the criteria in subsections (2) and (4) are met; and
     (b) the department then petitions the legislature and the legislature affirms the decision of the department after one or more public hearings.
     (6) The state of Montana has long recognized the importance of conserving its public waters and the necessity to maintain adequate water supplies for the state's water requirements, including requirements for federal non-Indian and Indian reserved water rights held by the United States for federal reserved lands and in trust for the various Indian tribes within the state's boundaries. Although the state of Montana also recognizes that, under appropriate conditions, the out-of-state transportation and use of its public waters are not in conflict with the public welfare of its citizens or the conservation of its waters, the following criteria must be met before out-of-state use may occur:
     (a) The department and, if applicable, the legislature may not approve a change in appropriation right for the withdrawal and transportation of appropriated water for use outside the state unless the appropriator proves by clear and convincing evidence and, if applicable, the legislature approves after one or more public hearings that:
     (i) depending on the volume of water diverted or consumed, the applicable criteria and procedures of subsection (2) or (4) are met;
     (ii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not contrary to water conservation in Montana; and
     (iii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not otherwise detrimental to the public welfare of the citizens of Montana.
     (b) In determining whether the appropriator has proved by clear and convincing evidence that the requirements of subsections (6)(a)(ii) and (6)(a)(iii) will be met, the department and, if applicable, the legislature shall consider the following factors:
     (i) whether there are present or projected water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (ii) whether the water that is the subject of the proposed change in appropriation might feasibly be transported to alleviate water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (iii) the supply and sources of water available to the applicant in the state where the applicant intends to use the water; and
     (iv) the demands placed on the applicant's supply in the state where the applicant intends to use the water.
     (c) When applying for a change in appropriation right to withdraw and transport water for use outside the state, the applicant shall submit to and comply with the laws of the state of Montana governing the appropriation and use of water.
     (7) For any application for a change in appropriation right involving 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water, the department shall give notice of the proposed change in accordance with 85-2-307 and shall hold one or more hearings in accordance with 85-2-309 prior to its approval or denial of the proposed change. The department shall provide notice and may hold one or more hearings upon any other proposed change if it determines that a change might adversely affect the rights of other persons.
     (8) The department or the legislature, if applicable, may approve a change subject to terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations as it considers necessary to satisfy the criteria of this section, including limitations on the time for completion of the change. The department may extend time limits specified in the change approval under the applicable criteria and procedures of 85-2-312(3).
     (9) Upon actual application of water to the proposed beneficial use within the time allowed, the appropriator shall notify the department that the appropriation has been completed. The notification must contain a certified statement by a person with experience in the design, construction, or operation of appropriation works describing how the appropriation was completed.
     (10) If a change is not completed as approved by the department or legislature or if the terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations of the change approval are not complied with, the department may, after notice and opportunity for hearing, require the appropriator to show cause why the change approval should not be modified or revoked. If the appropriator fails to show sufficient cause, the department may modify or revoke the change approval.
     (11) The original of a change approval issued by the department must be sent to the applicant, and a duplicate must be kept in the office of the department in Helena.
     (12) A person holding an issued permit or change approval that has not been perfected may change the place of diversion, place of use, purpose of use, or place of storage by filing an application for change pursuant to this section.
     (13) A change in appropriation right contrary to the provisions of this section is invalid. An officer, agent, agency, or employee of the state may not knowingly permit, aid, or assist in any manner an unauthorized change in appropriation right. A person or corporation may not, directly or indirectly, personally or through an agent, officer, or employee, attempt to change an appropriation right except in accordance with this section.
     (14) The department may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this section. (Terminates June 30, 1999--sec. 4, Ch. 740, L. 1991.)

     85-2-402. (Effective July 1, 1999) Changes in appropriation rights. (1) The right to make a change subject to the provisions of this section in an existing water right, a permit, or a state water reservation is recognized and confirmed. In a change proceeding under this section, there is no presumption that an applicant for a change in appropriation right cannot establish lack of adverse effect prior to the adjudication of other rights in the source of supply pursuant to this chapter. An appropriator may not make a change in an appropriation right except, as permitted under this section, by applying for and receiving the approval of the department or, if applicable, of the legislature. An applicant shall submit a correct and complete application.
     (2) Except as provided in subsections (4) through (6), the department shall approve a change in appropriation right if the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that the following criteria are met:
     (a) The proposed change in appropriation right will not adversely affect the use of the existing water rights of other persons or other perfected or planned uses or developments for which a permit or certificate has been issued or for which a state water reservation has been issued under part 3.
     (b) Except for a temporary change authorization pursuant to 85-2-408 or for water use pursuant to 85-2-439 that does not require appropriation works, the proposed means of diversion, construction, and operation of the appropriation works are adequate.
     (c) The proposed use of water is a beneficial use.
     (d) Except for a temporary change authorization pursuant to 85-2-408 or 85-2-439 for instream flow to benefit the fishery resource, the applicant has a possessory interest, or the written consent of the person with the possessory interest, in the property where the water is to be put to beneficial use.
     (e) If the change in appropriation right involves salvaged water, the proposed water-saving methods will salvage at least the amount of water asserted by the applicant.
     (f) The water quality of an appropriator will not be adversely affected.
     (g) The ability of a discharge permitholder to satisfy effluent limitations of a permit issued in accordance with Title 75, chapter 5, part 4, will not be adversely affected.
     (3) The applicant is required to prove that the criteria in subsections (2)(f) and (2)(g) have been met only if a valid objection is filed. A valid objection must contain substantial credible information establishing to the satisfaction of the department that the criteria in subsection (2)(f) or (2)(g), as applicable, may not be met.
     (4) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use of an appropriation of 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water unless the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that:
     (a) the criteria in subsection (2) are met; and
     (b) the proposed change is a reasonable use. A finding of reasonable use must be based on a consideration of:
     (i) the existing demands on the state water supply, as well as projected demands for water for future beneficial purposes, including municipal water supplies, irrigation systems, and minimum streamflows for the protection of existing water rights and aquatic life;
     (ii) the benefits to the applicant and the state;
     (iii) the effects on the quantity and quality of water for existing uses in the source of supply;
     (iv) the availability and feasibility of using low-quality water for the purpose for which application has been made;
     (v) the effects on private property rights by any creation of or contribution to saline seep; and
     (vi) the probable significant adverse environmental impacts of the proposed use of water as determined by the department pursuant to Title 75, chapter 1, or Title 75, chapter 20.
     (5) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use for a diversion that results in 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water being consumed unless:
     (a) the applicant proves by clear and convincing evidence and the department finds that the criteria in subsections (2) and (4) are met; and
     (b) the department then petitions the legislature and the legislature affirms the decision of the department after one or more public hearings.
     (6) The state of Montana has long recognized the importance of conserving its public waters and the necessity to maintain adequate water supplies for the state's water requirements, including requirements for federal non-Indian and Indian reserved water rights held by the United States for federal reserved lands and in trust for the various Indian tribes within the state's boundaries. Although the state of Montana also recognizes that, under appropriate conditions, the out-of-state transportation and use of its public waters are not in conflict with the public welfare of its citizens or the conservation of its waters, the following criteria must be met before out-of-state use may occur:
     (a) The department and, if applicable, the legislature may not approve a change in appropriation right for the withdrawal and transportation of appropriated water for use outside the state unless the appropriator proves by clear and convincing evidence and, if applicable, the legislature approves after one or more public hearings that:
     (i) depending on the volume of water diverted or consumed, the applicable criteria and procedures of subsection (2) or (4) are met;
     (ii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not contrary to water conservation in Montana; and
     (iii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not otherwise detrimental to the public welfare of the citizens of Montana.
     (b) In determining whether the appropriator has proved by clear and convincing evidence that the requirements of subsections (6)(a)(ii) and (6)(a)(iii) will be met, the department and, if applicable, the legislature shall consider the following factors:
     (i) whether there are present or projected water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (ii) whether the water that is the subject of the proposed change in appropriation might feasibly be transported to alleviate water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (iii) the supply and sources of water available to the applicant in the state where the applicant intends to use the water; and
     (iv) the demands placed on the applicant's supply in the state where the applicant intends to use the water.
     (c) When applying for a change in appropriation right to withdraw and transport water for use outside the state, the applicant shall submit to and comply with the laws of the state of Montana governing the appropriation and use of water.
     (7) For any application for a change in appropriation right involving 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water, the department shall give notice of the proposed change in accordance with 85-2-307 and shall hold one or more hearings in accordance with 85-2-309 prior to its approval or denial of the proposed change. The department shall provide notice and may hold one or more hearings upon any other proposed change if it determines that such a change might adversely affect the rights of other persons.
     (8) The department or the legislature, if applicable, may approve a change subject to such terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations as it considers necessary to satisfy the criteria of this section, including limitations on the time for completion of the change. The department may extend time limits specified in the change approval under the applicable criteria and procedures of 85-2-312(3).
     (9) Upon actual application of water to the proposed beneficial use within the time allowed, the appropriator shall notify the department that the appropriation has been completed. The notification must contain a certified statement by a person with experience in the design, construction, or operation of appropriation works describing how the appropriation was completed.
     (10) If a change is not completed as approved by the department or legislature or if the terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations of the change approval are not complied with, the department may, after notice and opportunity for hearing, require the appropriator to show cause why the change approval should not be modified or revoked. If the appropriator fails to show sufficient cause, the department may modify or revoke the change approval.
     (11) The original of a change approval issued by the department must be sent to the applicant, and a duplicate must be kept in the office of the department in Helena.
     (12) A person holding an issued permit or change approval that has not been perfected may change the place of diversion, place of use, purpose of use, or place of storage by filing an application for change pursuant to this section.
     (13) A change in appropriation right contrary to the provisions of this section is invalid. An officer, agent, agency, or employee of the state may not knowingly permit, aid, or assist in any manner an unauthorized change in appropriation right. A person or corporation may not, directly or indirectly, personally or through an agent, officer, or employee, attempt to change an appropriation right except in accordance with this section.
     (14) The department may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this section. (Terminates June 30, 2005--sec. 6, Ch. 322, L. 1995.)

     85-2-402. (Effective July 1, 2005) Changes in appropriation rights. (1) The right to make a change subject to the provisions of this section in an existing water right, a permit, or a state water reservation is recognized and confirmed. In a change proceeding under this section, there is no presumption that an applicant for a change in appropriation right cannot establish lack of adverse effect prior to the adjudication of other rights in the source of supply pursuant to this chapter. An appropriator may not make a change in an appropriation right except, as permitted under this section, by applying for and receiving the approval of the department or, if applicable, of the legislature. An applicant shall submit a correct and complete application.
     (2) Except as provided in subsections (4) through (6), the department shall approve a change in appropriation right if the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that the following criteria are met:
     (a) The proposed change in appropriation right will not adversely affect the use of the existing water rights of other persons or other perfected or planned uses or developments for which a permit or certificate has been issued or for which a state water reservation has been issued under part 3.
     (b) The proposed means of diversion, construction, and operation of the appropriation works are adequate.
     (c) The proposed use of water is a beneficial use.
     (d) The applicant has a possessory interest, or the written consent of the person with the possessory interest, in the property where the water is to be put to beneficial use.
     (e) If the change in appropriation right involves salvaged water, the proposed water-saving methods will salvage at least the amount of water asserted by the applicant.
     (f) The water quality of an appropriator will not be adversely affected.
     (g) The ability of a discharge permitholder to satisfy effluent limitations of a permit issued in accordance with Title 75, chapter 5, part 4, will not be adversely affected.
     (3) The applicant is required to prove that the criteria in subsections (2)(f) and (2)(g) have been met only if a valid objection is filed. A valid objection must contain substantial credible information establishing to the satisfaction of the department that the criteria in subsection (2)(f) or (2)(g), as applicable, may not be met.
     (4) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use of an appropriation of 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water unless the appropriator proves by a preponderance of evidence that:
     (a) the criteria in subsection (2) are met;
     (b) the proposed change is a reasonable use. A finding of reasonable use must be based on a consideration of:
     (i) the existing demands on the state water supply, as well as projected demands for water for future beneficial purposes, including municipal water supplies, irrigation systems, and minimum streamflows for the protection of existing water rights and aquatic life;
     (ii) the benefits to the applicant and the state;
     (iii) the effects on the quantity and quality of water for existing uses in the source of supply;
     (iv) the availability and feasibility of using low-quality water for the purpose for which application has been made;
     (v) the effects on private property rights by any creation of or contribution to saline seep; and
     (vi) the probable significant adverse environmental impacts of the proposed use of water as determined by the department pursuant to Title 75, chapter 1, or Title 75, chapter 20.
     (5) The department may not approve a change in purpose of use or place of use for a diversion that results in 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water being consumed unless:
     (a) the applicant proves by clear and convincing evidence and the department finds that the criteria in subsections (2) and (4) are met; and
     (b) the department then petitions the legislature and the legislature affirms the decision of the department after one or more public hearings.
     (6) The state of Montana has long recognized the importance of conserving its public waters and the necessity to maintain adequate water supplies for the state's water requirements, including requirements for reserved water rights held by the United States for federal reserved lands and in trust for the various Indian tribes within the state's boundaries. Although the state of Montana also recognizes that, under appropriate conditions, the out-of-state transportation and use of its public waters are not in conflict with the public welfare of its citizens or the conservation of its waters, the following criteria must be met before out-of-state use may occur:
     (a) The department and, if applicable, the legislature may not approve a change in appropriation right for the withdrawal and transportation of appropriated water for use outside the state unless the appropriator proves by clear and convincing evidence and, if applicable, the legislature approves after one or more public hearings that:
     (i) depending on the volume of water diverted or consumed, the applicable criteria and procedures of subsection (2) or (4) are met;
     (ii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not contrary to water conservation in Montana; and
     (iii) the proposed out-of-state use of water is not otherwise detrimental to the public welfare of the citizens of Montana.
     (b) In determining whether the appropriator has proved by clear and convincing evidence that the requirements of subsections (6)(a)(ii) and (6)(a)(iii) will be met, the department and, if applicable, the legislature shall consider the following factors:
     (i) whether there are present or projected water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (ii) whether the water that is the subject of the proposed change in appropriation might feasibly be transported to alleviate water shortages within the state of Montana;
     (iii) the supply and sources of water available to the applicant in the state where the applicant intends to use the water; and
     (iv) the demands placed on the applicant's supply in the state where the applicant intends to use the water.
     (c) When applying for a change in appropriation right to withdraw and transport water for use outside the state, the applicant shall submit to and comply with the laws of the state of Montana governing the appropriation and use of water.
     (7) For any application for a change in appropriation right involving 4,000 or more acre-feet of water a year and 5.5 or more cubic feet per second of water, the department shall give notice of the proposed change in accordance with 85-2-307 and shall hold one or more hearings in accordance with 85-2-309 prior to its approval or denial of the proposed change. The department shall provide notice and may hold one or more hearings upon any other proposed change if it determines that such a change might adversely affect the rights of other persons.
     (8) The department or the legislature, if applicable, may approve a change subject to such terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations as it considers necessary to satisfy the criteria of this section, including limitations on the time for completion of the change. The department may extend time limits specified in the change approval under the applicable criteria and procedures of 85-2-312(3).
     (9) Upon actual application of water to the proposed beneficial use within the time allowed, the appropriator shall notify the department that the appropriation has been completed. The notification must contain a certified statement by a person with experience in the design, construction, or operation of appropriation works describing how the appropriation was completed.
     (10) If a change is not completed as approved by the department or legislature or if the terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations of the change approval are not complied with, the department may, after notice and opportunity for hearing, require the appropriator to show cause why the change approval should not be modified or revoked. If the appropriator fails to show sufficient cause, the department may modify or revoke the change approval.
     (11) The original of a change approval issued by the department must be sent to the applicant, and a duplicate must be kept in the office of the department in Helena.
     (12) A person holding an issued permit or change approval that has not been perfected may change the place of diversion, place of use, purpose of use, or place of storage by filing an application for change pursuant to this section.
     (13) A change in appropriation right contrary to the provisions of this section is invalid. An officer, agent, agency, or employee of the state may not knowingly permit, aid, or assist in any manner an unauthorized change in appropriation right. A person or corporation may not, directly or indirectly, personally or through an agent, officer, or employee, attempt to change an appropriation right except in accordance with this section.
     (14) The department may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this section.

     History: En. Sec. 28, Ch. 452, L. 1973; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 238, L. 1974; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 338, L. 1975; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 416, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 89-892; amd. Sec. 15, Ch. 448, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 573, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 535, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 432, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 658, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 308, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 9, Ch. 805, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 370, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 460, L. 1993; (14)En. Sec. 5, Ch. 460, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 322, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 487, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 353, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 18, Ch. 497, L. 1997.